Category Archives: IT

Next-generation IT procurement

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I’ve blogged several times recently about the impact of ‘disruptive’ technology on the world and on the IT industry, and with good reason; disruptors are the new trends and practices which re-define the ways in which we work, communicate and pretty much conduct our daily lives.

One of the latest disruptive developments in the IT world is in consumption – how we acquire and utilizeIT products and services. And as with so much else just now, it is being disrupted and driven forward by cloud computing.

a shift in procurement thinking

Traditionally IT procurement has been driven by the CAPEX model, whereby vendors agree deals with customers for products or services which see the customer pay around 70 per cent of the project cost up front. Great business for product vendors, guaranteed money up front and happy vendor CEOs. This has meant that the risk and the responsibility lie with the customer to leverage the product capabilities.

The industry is now fast headed in the direction of the OPEX consumption model – essentially pay-per-use – which puts things very much more in favour of the customer who is buying the technology, rather than the vendor.

As with all things in IT, the shift in thinking and evolution of business practices faces a number of key barriers to implementation – in this instance, cost, complexity, adoption and risk. And it is in addressing these barriers where success in next generation IT procurement lies.

changing the model

What this OPEX consumption approach does is to change the game from a vendor perspective and make services more important than product sales. The saying was always that ‘the customer is king’, but that has become ever more true today thanks to cloud computing and services empowering customers and end-users like never before.

This new subscription model, powered by the cloud, has transformed IT provision into a service versus product approach. The OPEX model reduces both customers’ costs and risk, and allows them to experiment in a more risk bounded environment. They can start small and try solutions and services out, and if they gain business benefit, then they can and will expand their usage of that technology. This is the beauty and attraction of the cloud computing and managed services approach – simplicity. In the age of the iPhone, IT mobility and personal empowerment, end-users just love simplicity.

So vendors need to change their thinking in response to this shift in procurement mentality. There are examples in the market now of vendors offering a ‘try before you buy’ approach to encourage potential customers in. Customers no longer want huge implementation costs – smartphones for example don’t come with a thick user manual – and simplicity is key. The simpler the user engagement, the more managed the service such as SaaS or IaaS, the lower the risk from the customer perspective, the more likely the increase in adoption.

the consumption gap

Much of this new procurement thinking has been driven by the consumption gap. Customers grew tired of wasting money on products and services features they simply never used, or in fact, ever really needed in the first place.

Under the CAPEX model, all the challenges and the risk were placed on the customer. They had tointegrate the solution into their operation, maintain it and so on. They were forced to buy separate layers of systems and applications for a premium price and then only used a small percentage of their capabilities, since many of its functions might not be necessary to their business. The move to the cloud-based model, or try before you buy, reduces the impact of this and gives organizations much more agility. In effect, the iPhone apps model has been duplicated within enterprise IT. So customers find that they have more choice – and they are responding to that.

The demand is undoubtedly there; IDC recently surveyed organizations in Australia and found that 86 per cent of Australian enterprises are now using cloud computing, up from 71 per cent the previous year. The global cloud market will be worth $240 billion by 2020. As IDC called it, cloud is now “business as usual.”

staying at the cutting edge

The old adoption model also meant engaging in a long procurement cycle – often several years – to specify, commission, build and integrate an IT solution into operations. The consumption model enables organizations to circumvent this. If they spot a trend they have the agility to respond to it immediately and get systems in place more quickly.

This is one of the key benefits to customers under the managed services and cloud delivery model; they can enjoy fast adoption based around mobility and rapid roll-outs. Companies can always enjoy the most up to date models and versions – for example many organizations remain locked in to out of date email applications. The cloud enables them to always be in a state of upgrading, always enjoying the benefits of the latest and greatest version.

customer simplicity, vendor complexity

So the next generation procurement model makes life easier and more predictable for the customer – but for product vendors, there are challenges to overcome. Under this service versus product approach, customers are able to keep things as simple or as complex as they choose. They can procure and use a device or technology at the top level and enjoy value from it, or delve further down into its capabilities and enjoy much greater benefits. Vendors will need to adapt to this.

Similarly, the managed services approach also gives customers simplicity in support terms; end-users don’t like complexity and prefer simplicity in IT support. Under the subscription model, their provider can use in-depth analytics and Big Data to provide them with the quality of service and support that they demand. The cloud even means that IT support has moved online, and all these new provisions are being powered by end-user demand. The consumer is making the decisions now. And cloud delivery and the subscription or pay-for-use model is how they want their IT.

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The Ins and Outs of Cloud and Outsourcing

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The speed at which IT is developing and the general nature of modern business means that many enterprises rely on specialists to manage our systems and applications. Economic and competitive pressures have made it imperative for organisations of all sizes to focus on their core competencies and turn to third-parties to assume responsibility for key corporate functions. The most common form of outsourcing is the cloud. The cloud simplifies many aspects of IT and the business services world.

Outsourcing is by no means a new or revolutionary concept and to date, it continues to deliver consistent financial benefits. By engaging a cloud service, a small organisation can have access to leading technology without large investments, while global enterprises can ensure that business sectors are managed effectively and efficiently.

Aside from obvious financial benefits, the list of incentives continues to grow: service quality, access to innovation, the removal of non-core functions, access to leading IT skills and resources, and forecast future IT spending all contribute.

For any enterprise, the benefits of outsourcing to the cloud are only guaranteed if certain guidelines and precautions are put in place, and in order to do this, you must understand the challenges:
• Potential loss of control over certain business functions
• Rigidity and a general lack of flexibility in the services received
• Time and effort involved in managing the service provider

The key is to select a provider whose cloud portfolio is as flexible and varied as the workloads it may handle—today and into the future. For many enterprises, the cloud is no longer a curiosity, but an opportunity to transform IT. As they think beyond one or two isolated workloads, their criteria in selecting a cloud provider become more stringent. To meet business goals for efficiency, cost-reduction, and simplification of processes, enterprises must look for a cloud provider that offers a range of services that meet today’s needs and can grow with the business.

Understanding the organisation you are outsourcing to is pivotal in addressing potential security problems, so below are some basic guidelines:

Understand the current security model

It sounds obvious, but often it is taken for granted. Evaluating the security controls currently in place in your organisation and what risks they should be eliminating, is important in knowing what you need to ask for when you seek a cloud service. This process also helps identify what is working and what isn’t, and provides you with the ability to request the same security standards in your cloud service provider (CSP). If this assessment uncovers gaping holes, you have the opportunity to rectify this with your new CSP, or if your security is up to scratch, then you have a benchmark by which to measure. Ensuring that internal security measures and your new CSP security credentials matchup is critical in delivering the safest environment possible for your organisation.

The variety of cloud solutions available – from infrastructure through to network – your cloud choice may need to integrate with existing security standards. In such cases, firewalls and other traditional security measures can be adapted to integrate with new security policies. In theory, this is the case; however a full assessment and understanding of these traditional measures may uncover non-compatibility with current systems. Understanding the full scope of your business, your requirements and your current security measures will direct you to what you need from your CSP.

Keep in mind: Change can be difficult, and risky. Have a safety net in place. Your security systems are going to change in your organisation, and to make sure it is for the better means you need to understand the security bottom line.

Don’t be afraid to: Take this security investigation as an opportunity to give your security system an overhaul.

 Ask tough questions and assess the risks

Managing your outsourcers’ security levels should not be overlooked. The CSP’s internal security policies, regulations and laws (if you are looking offshore) need to be understood and evaluated. They will help develop a picture of what the security spectrum of your business will look like in an outsourced environment and most importantly identify any current gaps.

A cloud has different avenues for attack than would otherwise be available in a traditional data centre. The increased surface of a cloud increases its vulnerabilities which puts your organisation at higher risk. Things such as virtual switches, the item connecting virtual machines with virtual networks by directing communication and data packets, and software programs that allow machines to communicate with each other, are characteristics that previously your organisation may not have been exposed to, so it is critical to understand the potential impact of this new environment.

Transferring part or all of your organisations IT footprint to the cloud is a big change with sometimes unpreventable mishaps. If a problem arises based on an unexpected incident, who is to blame? The organisation or the provider? Allocating the right responsibility needs to be determined in the initial phase to avoid any confusions in the long run. Responsibility here is in relation to your organisation and the outsourcer. Be upfront when embarking on this new relationship and opening the doors between your current IT staff and your future provider to ensure that expectations and responsibilities are measured and tracked.

Keep in mind: What you expect your outsourcer to deliver may not always be clear. Define and determine responsibilities. Ensure that your CSP offers the levels of customer service you are accustomed to, with access to expert technicians (either on-staff or through a certified partner network). For additional levels of support, find a provider that offers a range of managed and professional services to help you develop a cloud strategy, migrate to the cloud, and maintain optimal cloud performance.

Don’t be afraid to: Look up specific international security standards and be informed and aggressive when dealing with your future (or current) CSP.

 Investigate the environment

Knowing what needs to be outsourced is very different from knowing what the ripple effect will be when that segment of your organisation is actually outsourced and placed on the cloud.

Your cloud provider is now the first line of defence in your external incident management process. They must be able to detect, evaluate and report any incident in a suitable timeframe and in the process already expected by your company. Consider, too, the legal and operational impacts. By outsourcing, you are in a way, joining with another organisation, so be sure of the overall compatibility.

Consider this, too: Multi tenancy. You could be one of numerous companies that the CSP is providing service to. There is no physical separation. Investigate whether you are entering into a multi-tenant environment, and what exactly this means for your organisation and its information.

The outsourcer will be retaining a lot of information about your internal organisation workings, too. If any internal incidents occur, accessibility around records must be agreed upon and understood. Identifying individuals within the outsourcing organisation will help increase transparency and reaction around any issues.

Keep in mind: Your information is now housed inside other organisations (metaphorical) walls. This is an integrated service, designed to know the ins and outs of your organisation. Don’t be afraid to: Look for evidence that shows whether each service provider has experienced serving enterprises like yours. These include sample customer lists, reputation, track record, and existing customer base. Service providers with experience in your company’s industry or have similar customers are likely to understand your business and technology needs.

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The Five Traits of the thriving IT Organization

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To thrive in this new competitive environment, IT and business leaders must actively develop five new organizational traits:

• A Learning Organization
• A Disciplined Organization
• A Transparent Organization
• An Intimate Organization
• A Dynamic Organization

Read more …….

The Five Traits of the Quantum IT Organization

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How to secure an outsourced project

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Despite our desire for simplicity, IT continues to become more complex. Decentralised applications or client-server models have become the norm. Smartphones and tablets are pushing mobile computing into a new era and changing user behaviour. Cloud has significantly altered the way we provide IT solutions and how we meet business needs with technical solutions.

Long gone are the days when a single person could master and manage an entire enterprise network. Today, many businesses lack the dedicated staff and financial resources to manage their ever expanding IT needs. Faced with this situation, a growing number of companies contract out part of their IT to external suppliers.

While many articles have explored the security issues linked with cloud services, there are still many people who fail to recognise the same arguments apply to other outsourcing services. In fact, the challenge of managing risks and security in a diverse IT environment remains the same; whether it’s cloud, outsourcing or managed services, the reality is you are handing control of your business’ devices or applications to someone else.

The security challenge

The challenge for many businesses is deciding the level of security controls and risks your company is willing to accept – you can choose a fully-dedicated environment where security levels are dictated by your organisation, or you can use a public environment in which you accept the default setup.

Today’s Chief Security Officer is assigned the task of managing security risks associated with these changes and must come up with appropriate solutions to alleviate them. For many businesses, the move to an outsourced model presents an opportunity to increase the level of network security. It could even be the trigger for a security upgrade.

 Establishing an outsourced project

Outsourcers will generally set technical, physical and organisational security controls that will be applied across all of the outsourcer’s services. This creates a baseline and spreads the cost of security across its client base. It is essential to understand your outsourcer’s baseline and request additional security if your project requires it.

Before entering into an outsourcing agreement, it is also important to consider legal matters. If the outsourcer is providing a “standard” service, it up to your company to ensure that your legal requirements are met – for example, regional data storage compliance and confidentiality legislation.

 Managing multiple outsourcers

Outsourcer management is often neglected despite the fact that many companies outsource different parts of a project to a range of suppliers. For example, one company might handle the telephony infrastructure, while another manages WAN. In this situation it is essential to ensure both outsourcers deliver the same level of security for their services. It is also crucial to establish clear communication between the various outsourcers and internal departments – especially during periods of disruption or change.

 Incident management

Incident management (both poor and effective) has significant legal, reputational and operational impacts. It is essential to establish a process that dictates when a security incident is detected by your outsourcers, it is adequately evaluated, and reported to you within a predetermined timeframe.

Before entering an outsourcing agreement, ensure that the outsourcer’s obligations are clearly stated and check to confirm the outsourcer doesn’t have any legal constraints that are incompatible with your business.

Conclusion

Whatever part of your IT or process is outsourced, it is essential to ensure all security aspects are fully considered and met, and each outsourcer delivers the same level of security for their services. Detailed consideration of these challenges will allow businesses to benefit from the cost and productivity gains offered by outsourcing, while maintaining strategic security plan of the business.

Today’s CSO must take a 360 degree view of the project in order to ensure requirements are met and managed efficiently, and incidents will be detected and dealt with correctly.

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Six tips for mobile device management security

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There has been a lot of discussion this year about the increasing influx of consumer devices being used for both professional and personal purposes. Many organisations are feeling a little overwhelmed as they try to work out appropriate security levels and device management boundaries. When you take into consideration all the platform and application updates chewing through corporate bandwidth, plus the potential for rogue applications and malware to gain illicit access to company data, there are many headaches for security managers to deal with.

Here are six tips to help get the efficient and secure management of mobile devices under control:

1. Have a strong mobile policy

This may seem like an obvious tip, but there is often a clear disconnect between employees and employers’ expectations of how consumer devices will be used in the enterprise. Research from IDC found that not only were workers using their devices at twice the rate, they also tended to think employers were far more permissive of the use of consumer devices than they actually were. It is therefore very important to have a mobile use policy clearly defined to avoid these kinds of misunderstandings.

A mobile usage policy is a framework that defines who the users are and what devices, platforms and applications they can and can’t use. Enterprises must clearly define policies around reimbursement for services and what applications users can access via personal devices, along with clear guidance on who controls the data on devices.

2. Create an inventory of assets

How can you be assured of the security of employees’ mobile devices if you don’t know how many are out there and what they are? Implementing a robust and regularly updated inventory management system is a vital part of any mobile device management system. While many businesses do have an inventory of fixed and wireless assets, the majority of them are not updated and validated on a regular basis, leading to the potential for security issues to slip through the cracks via unknown devices or inappropriate usage. Businesses with accurate inventories have much clearer insight into their telecommunication environments and as such, more reliable information on which to base policy decisions.

3. Ensure proper configuration of devices

The sheer number of different devices and platforms out there can make the configuration of devices a challenging process. Factor in entry level handsets, smartphones, tablets with different operating systems and employees working in numerous different locations and the issue becomes even more complex. However, if a device is enrolled with a mobile device management server, a configuration profile defined and managed by IT admin can be implemented, enabling the device to interact with enterprise systems. An appropriate level of encryption can also be added to any commands coming from the server to ensure that settings cannot be altered without proper authorisation.

4. Implement appropriate security

Despite the influx of consumer devices into the workplace, many organisations haven’t implemented stronger security controls in response, leaving them at risk of security breaches or loss of sensitive data. Data encryption is a powerful piece of the mobile security puzzle and yet many businesses do not use it on a regular basis. In addition to implementing data encryption, enterprises need to inform workers about the risks of failing to comply with security protocols – there is a good chance that they are unaware of the risks associated with using their personal devices for professional purposes.

5. Regulate application protocols

Taking into consideration that there are thousands upon thousands of mobile applications out there, strong protocols need to be instituted for the deployment of any new applications and the management of existing applications. Malware is steadily creeping into the app world, so even applications from the app store need to be checked before they are allowed into the enterprise. Such malicious applications can take over the mobile device and operate in the background without the user knowing, searching for sensitive information such as passwords or banking details.

6. Provide training and end-user support

A relatively small percentage of the overall functionality of the average mobile device is used on a regular basis. With devices becoming more and more sophisticated, users could end up massively under-utilising all the functions that are at their disposal. As a result, most enterprises would benefit from providing user training, including how to set up email, device customisation, application selection and usage, understanding browser capabilities, using instant messaging, and mobile data services and understanding device functions and shortcuts. Support and training can increase worker efficiency and also reduce security risks, as employees better understand how their devices work.

Managing employee mobility doesn’t need to be a nightmare. With the right systems put into place, employees and employers alike can reap the benefits of mobility.

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The magic of mobility vs the safety of security

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Mobility has become a key part of business operations in recent years. Smartphones and tablets have become an accepted part of everyday business as the workforce becomes more and more dispersed, with managers expecting their employees to remain connected and productive while they are away from the office.

However, rather than being issued a separate device, employees are increasingly using their personal devices for business purposes – opening a big can of worms around what is the appropriate level of security on a personal device used for work.

Next-generation opportunities

Basic applications such as email, calendaring and syncing contacts on smartphones or mobile access to CRM and ERP systems are just the beginning. Before long, companies will be deploying and utilising next-generation apps with consumer-like functionality – such as using GPS, the camera and social networks. For example, a marketing manager may snap a photo of a competitor’s billboard and tag it in a database for market research, or use social networks during a meeting to access information for reference or demonstration.

The real challenge for businesses is how to balance this revolution in technology and ways of working with the need to maintain organisational security. IT departments may want to disable camera functions on smartphones to protect data, or ensure that any data on an employee’s phone is encrypted, but users are unlikely to accept such major limitations on their personal devices.

Mobile Enterprise Challenge

In the past, most IT departments have tried to manage the increased complexity of mobile devices by limiting the number of platforms supported, such as only allowing a BlackBerry as a smartphone, or Windows laptops for computing. However, this approach is no longer particularly practical as the influx of consumer devices into the workplace continues to rise. Trying to force such a policy onto employees would likely result in poor adoption of the service.

So what is a business to do? All in all, the mobile enterprise needs the same support as offered to standard PCs. As mobile devices have become progressively more complex, they have the same issues as PCs, such as data security, data management and application support. Plus, with companies embracing more than just one mobile platform, the IT department will need to invest in tools that can manage devices powered by different operating systems. Typical mobile device issues that will need to be secured and managed include assets and settings, passwords, connectivity control and software deployments and updates.

Mobile strategies

Obviously, the biggest potential management headache for IT departments is security. Considering the average smartphone has 8GBs of memory, employees have enough potential to put a serious amount of corporate data at risk through a compromised device, or by losing it altogether.

Designing an appropriate security policy is crucial for mobile application deployment as it gives enterprises the platform and confidence to do so much more with their mobile strategy. There are three cornerstones of security that need to be covered when developing a mobile device strategy:

  • Confidentiality: ensure that data is not shown to the wrong people
  • Integrity: ensure that it is not possible to make unauthorised changes to either data or the system
  • Availability: ensure that the data is available at all times for authorised users.

Security tools also need to be able to support a range of activity such as patch management, keeping applications secure with no vulnerabilities, protecting against malicious code and blocking unauthorised device access to corporate resources. In addition, they also need to give the enterprise the ability to remotely lock or wipe devices and enforce the encryption of confidential data.

Taking the time to develop an appropriate mobility strategy is vital for enterprises. With the right protocols and security in place, employers and employees alike can reap the benefits of increased flexibility and efficiency.

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Managing the mobile security paradigm

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There have been profound changes in recent years in the way that people work. Mobility, virtualisation and globalisation have extensively altered how business is conducted. These changes mean that updated and upgraded security systems are needed to ensure data security.

There are new collaborative methods to help companies manage their information systems, solutions for virtualising information applications and cutting excessive investments are springing up and fresh hardware is delivering more mobility every day. But with these altered usage patterns come new threats and risks to security.

Professional and personal data confusion

Mobility is becoming an increasingly important aspect of business, and workers using devices such as smartphones or tablets to access the corporate network are quickly becoming ubiquitous.

However, there is a trend towards employees bringing their own device to work and using their personal smartphone or tablet for professional as well as personal purposes. This consumerisation of computing, with its permanent connection to the corporate network, increases the potential danger of data leaks if the device is lost or stolen. There is an increased risk of professional/personal data confusion, potentially resulting in legal penalties for the business and serious risk of virus and malware issues, as many personal devices are not properly protected.

Recent technologies such as cloud computing and social networking are helping to create these new usage patterns and ways of sharing information. These changes require a much higher level of transparency. Considering many organisations are increasingly subject to compliance regulations, it is vital to have strong and secure information systems in place. Companies need to identify and protect confidential information and show due care and diligence in protecting this information, not just for their own privacy but also for their customers.

Threats

Threats to companies are proliferating at an exponential rate. On average, there are 2,000 new threats every day adding to the estimated 45 million viruses already in circulation.

Attacks are more targeted and sophisticated than ever before, representing a substantial threat to businesses, government and sensitive infrastructures such as the military, utilities, hospitals and others. This makes having appropriate security defences in place for mobile devices paramount. With so many threats out there, the chance of a breach is just too high.

For internal protection against these clandestine threats, strong security infrastructure is required to protect organisational communication and information systems and ensure that everyday business is not disrupted. Different solutions to consider include firewalls, filters for incoming and outgoing web and mail data, IT infrastructure segregation for extranets, partner networks and strong intrusion detection systems that can identify unusual activities and suspicious behaviour and stop threats from infiltrating the corporate network.

External end-user protection is also crucial and may initially seem like a straightforward issue, but becomes increasingly complex when you factor in the multiple devices in use by many workers, in many locations. There are many security systems to consider, such as user authentication and authorisation, secure communications between users and corporate networks, security monitoring to provide transparency and validation of the compliance process and day-to-day security reports and monitoring.

A balance between protection and freedom

However, it is critical to maintain a balance between protection and freedom, as too much complexity within security systems can overburden the network, slowing down application response times and making it difficult for employees to access the network when needed.

Too many different solutions can also have the undesirable result of creating loopholes and system vulnerabilities, making it easier for cybercriminals to infiltrate the network and exploit confidential information.

Implementing appropriate security for the new working paradigm may seem like a formidable challenge. However, mobility does not have to be a risk for organisational security – with the right solutions in place, it can create new efficiencies and cost savings while allowing the workforce to work anytime, anywhere.

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Embedded network security: defence at all levels

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Perimeter controls are no longer enough

Confidential information is increasingly at risk in many organisations. Recent incidents have shown that perimeter controls are no longer enough—businesses need to seriously update their security strategies to reflect new threats and new working practices. With bring-your-own-device becoming the norm and employees becoming more mobile, company data is increasingly being taken out of the organisation on laptops, smartphones, tablets and more. Third parties are connecting to the corporate network on devices that the IT department has little, if no, control over, and branch offices are becoming the mainstay of multinational organisations.

The traditional perimeter around a business is no longer there, so companies must adapt to ensure their security, both internal and external, is up to scratch. Those businesses who do not modernise their security will inevitably be more at risk of a security breach that has the potential to seriously disrupt regular business activity.

The Nomadic Challenge

In the knowledge economy, rock-solid security is a must have. Intellectual property is at a financial premium, so it is essential to protect it from inadvertent loss and to keep it out of the reach of professional fraudsters. Information is becoming increasingly difficult to secure in companies that have many branch offices with limited IT resources and growing numbers of mobile workers.

The task of securing information has been made much more difficult by the workforce becoming increasingly nomadic. While this extends a company’s reach, it also extends their risk. Confidential information is frequently out in the field and away from the direct control of the IT department. With increased mobile working, it is not all that surprising that there has been a rise in laptop loss and theft, and yet, few companies encrypt the data stored on mobile devices.

The 3rd Party Challenge

It is not just mobile employees who can put a strain on an organisation’s security. An increasing number of organisations are inviting third parties into their corporate environments and providing them with company services, such as email, web portals and business applications. In security terms, third parties introduce an unknown quantity into the organisation—their devices may not be secured and could potentially introduce malware into the network, or they may not be properly identified and inadvertently given access to confidential information.

The Remote Site Challenge

It is at smaller sites where the risk is most pronounced. Many multinationals have moved away from having a handful of very large sites and offices to a decentralised infrastructure with many smaller offices, depots, sites or outlets. Centralised delivery of enterprise applications over the corporate WAN is empowering this change, however, this often means that there is very little IT resource needed at smaller sites. Although this centralised delivery is an efficient use of resources for application delivery, it leaves smaller locations exposed with little to know IT security onsite.

The Trusted Zone Challenge

Essentially, the corporate network cannot be relied on to be the “trusted zone” that it once was. Organisations need to become “de-perimeterised”. There is no point in having an enterprise perimeter if workers need to access corporate information when they are outside of it. To protect the de-perimeterised organisation, it is important to have security embedded throughout the business.

Enterprises need to have consistent and comprehensive security from the edge of the enterprise through the local area network to the end user. All assets and sites need to be protected as security is only as strong as the weakest link. Automatic preventative devices, which can automatically take action based on what the device has detected, should be embedded throughout the organisation at all layers. Security controls need to be embedded in the infrastructure layer, the transport layer and the application layer in order to ensure that the entire organisation is secure from threats.

For example, user authentication needs to be embedded within the application layer to control access to company resources. The level of accreditation needs to be automatically calculated based on the user’s personal security level and the device and network from which he or she wishes to access the resource.

Embedded network security Opportunity

The de-perimeterisation of an organisation means that security breaches don’t just happen outside a nominal boundary that is protected by a firewall, they can happen just as easily inside. For this reason it is essential to also embed security in the transport layer so that all communications within the business are protected from security breaches.

For too many businesses, security is still seen as merely an expense, when in fact good security offers many business advantages. Security must be seen as an essential element to growing the business, as it not only protects users, but it also enhances productivity by making sure the right people access the right resources at the right time. Embedded network security can ensure that an organisation is secured from top to bottom, providing invaluable peace of mind.

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Steps to mastering identity and access management

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As the workforce becomes increasingly mobile and dispersed, identity and access management becomes more important in ensuring organisational security. While managing user identities and controlling access are separate tasks, they are closely related. Identity and access management (IAM) needs to be a key part of business security strategy, particularly as organisations grow and IT architectures become more complex. Here are five things to consider when planning your IAM strategy.

1. Identity data infrastructure

It is not possible to manage user identities without having an appropriate data infrastructure in place to store user information. This generally involves the use of directory and metadirectory systems, usually based on lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP), industry standard for accessing directory data.

Decision makers should consider federated identity as part of the underlying data structure. This allows systems to automatically grant access to users of other systems. Federated identity systems assign permissions to each other, creating a secure web of trusted applications. However, enterprises need to tread carefully when designing these systems—complexity can create more headaches than necessary and increase management overhead, while also limiting the flexibility to change application specifications or relationships.

While federated identity can be used to integrate disparate systems together (including those inside a single organisation), it is also necessary to assign the appropriate level of expertise to the design and maintenance of such a solution.

2. Define roles and entitlements

Two important, but still nascent, techniques that have a significant effect on access control are entitlement management and role-based access control. Systems that carry out these functions allow administrators to define multiple roles in an organisation, along with a granular set of entitlements to allow system access. When combined, they allow for very tight control of user access. For example, someone in a junior accounting role could access a particular database, but only until 6pm.

Defining and maintaining these roles and entitlements requires significant input from business management, which can potentially lead to complications if organisational requirements change. Business management needs to carefully monitor entitlements and roles in order to ensure operational security.

3. Automate the provisioning process

Identity management helps improve company-wide productivity and security, while also lowering the cost of managing users and their identities, attributes and credentials. This requires automation, but it also contains hidden challenges, as just setting up a user name and a password is often simply not enough. Instead, multiple steps must be included in the provisioning process. For example, users might be assigned a sales region, enrolled into a different number of organisational teams or given a list of company resources to which they have access.

4. Simplify access control

Controlling access to systems is a separate but related task to managing identity. The user can only be authenticated if their identity is in the system, but the task of authentication poses another challenge. Users must be able to access the system relatively easily to avoid illicit circumvention of security settings, and yet their credentials must be secure enough to stop attackers simply waltzing through the gate. Enterprise sign-on systems can provide users with access to multiple enterprise applications using just one set of credentials. For added security, hardware-based tokens can also be issued as part of a two-step authentication process.

5. Audit

Any identity and access management system is not complete without a robust reporting capability to meet the needs of auditors facing compliance regulations. Organisations should be able to provide audit trails showing which users had access to what resources, and what was done with those resources. With increasing levels of compliance required from organisations, it is wise to ensure that evidence can be provided when needed.

Summary

Any comprehensive IAM effort is complex, but cloud-based services can help to reduce deployment times. A competent and experienced IT operator can not only host the infrastructure necessary for managing both identity and access control, but can also provide consulting services to help integrate it effectively into a customer’s existing IT architecture. When the time and due consideration is taken, IAM can prove to be a valuable asset to any organisation.

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IP voice security: are you susceptible or strong?

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Undoubtedly, corporations are realising the benefits of IP voice systems. Voice over internet protocol (VoIP) can bring substantial cost savings and productivity enhancements to a business by transforming its circuit-switched networks to IP packet switching networks and running voice and data applications over a single infrastructure. However, businesses need to be aware that there are potential risks involved, they need to take some necessary steps to protect their interests.

When voice and data are merged onto a single network, voice becomes an application on the network and is, therefore, exposed to the same threats as data applications. These threats include infrastructure and application-based attacks, denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, eavesdropping, toll fraud and protocol-specific attacks. However, with the right procedures in place, VoIP security risks and threats can be managed and mitigated—maximising the benefits of VoIP while minimising exposure.

Infrastructure and application-based attacks

In VoIP, voice is essentially an application on the data network, fine-tuned to maintain voice-quality performance. VoIP equipment and end-point devices such as IP phones are becoming standardised and commoditised just like other data components such as PCs—meaning that VoIP is just as vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Hackers can exploit voice devices and disrupt the network from normal service and/or perform criminal actions such as data theft.

IT managers need to maintain current patch levels on all IT and network equipment and applications, and have appropriate anti-virus software installed and up-to-date. Virtual local area networks (VLANs) can also be implemented and used to protect voice traffic from data network attacks. By implementing application gateways between trusted and untrusted zones of the network, a VLAN will complement the protection offered by corporate firewalls.

Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks

A DoS attack occurs when someone deliberately floods a particular network with so much illegitimate traffic that it blocks legitimate traffic. Obviously, if your voice traffic is being transmitted over the same network, a DoS attack will have significant impact on business operations.

DoS attacks are difficult to stop and prevent, but proper intrusion prevention practices, special network devices and proper patch updates can minimise the risk of exposure. In order to prevent data network problems from affecting voice traffic, voice and data traffic should logically be separated from administrative traffic. Traffic shaping can also provide another layer of protection and control for the network.

Eavesdropping

Intercepting data traffic is a trivial endeavour for most hackers so it stands to reason that with voice and data convergence, the same can be said for voice traffic over the network. Many tools are freely available to collect packets associated with VoIP conversations and reassemble them for illicit purposes. Two measures that can be taken to prevent eavesdropping include isolating VoIP traffic using virtual private networks (VPNs) and applying encryption on voice packets. However, IT managers need to carefully evaluate the use of encryption of VoIP as it can increase latency in the network. Encryption of voice data could be selectively applied based on business requirements, for example, encryption and decryption can be used only for those conversations over untrusted networks. When choosing a managed service provider, companies should ensure that appropriate security protocols are actively used by the potential provider to ensure secure conversations within the network.

Toll fraud

Just as with traditional voice systems, toll fraud cannot be ignored when considering VoIP systems. Using toll fraud, attackers gain unauthorised access to a private branch exchange (PBX) call-control system to make long-distance or international calls, which can mean significant financial impact to the business. Poor implementation of authentication processes could allow calls from unauthorised IP phones and/or allow unauthorised use of the VoIP network. Companies need to impose proper control for access to VoIP systems, including gateways and switches, in order to avoid the occurrence or toll fraud. Centralisation of management and configuration control is also recommended.

Protocol-specific threats

Since VoIP was developed on an open standard, the protocols that support communications are well known and thus vulnerable to probing for their weaknesses and security flaws. Session initiation protocol (SIP) is gaining popularity – SIP is a session and call-control protocol, components of which are used by standards-based IP PBX and IP telephony systems. In addition to the standard IP vulnerabilities, SIP brings additional risks.

SIP is a text-based protocol, like the common HTTP and SMTP. Therefore attackers can easily monitor and analyse traffic and then transition into various application-level attacks. Attacks can include impersonation of registration for system access, unauthorised access to corporate directory information, taking control of calls to disrupt business and also placing unsolicited calls and voice messages. Obviously, in a malicious attack, this could be highly detrimental to a business. It managers need to be aware of these vulnerabilities and thus implement strong authentication and authorisation processes.

IP voice security

While convergence and VoIP implementations are fast becoming mainstream among multinational corporations, they are, at the same time, posing serious security challenges. Whether you are planning to build your own converged network or utilise the services of a managed service provider, the primary goal should be the implementation of VoIP security that is properly built and validated, with ongoing management support. Security has to be managed through proactive monitoring, event management, remediation and regular follow-up to ensure a stable and reliable corporate communications infrastructure. However, with the right security in place, VoIP can be a valuable asset to a company.

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